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City guide
Conducting market research in Istanbul
Turkey’s largest city and business centre, home to 15.75 million people (18.3% of the population) across 39 districts on two continents: what to know before planning a survey or focus groups in Istanbul.
Key figures for researchers
- Population
- 15,754,053, or 18.3% of Turkey’s population (31 December 2025)1
- Districts
- 39; the largest, Esenyurt, has 1,003,905 residents, and half the population lives in 12 districts (2025)2
- Density
- 2,943 people per km² (2025)3
- Province of registration
- only 2,123,134 residents are registered in Istanbul; next come Sivas (758,939), Kastamonu (545,503) and Ordu (520,192) (end of 2025)4
- Internal migration
- 329,912 people moved in and 371,258 moved out in 2025 (net −41,346)5
- Syrians under temporary protection
- 405,016, the highest of any province (2 April 2026)6
- Fastest-growing districts
- Tuzla (+40.5 per thousand), Arnavutköy (+38.7), Silivri (+33.4) in 2025; Istanbul overall +3.37
- Economy
- 29.2% of Turkey’s GDP and the highest GDP per capita of any province, TRY 802,669 (2024)8
- Rail transport
- about 4 million rail passengers a day, 42.9% of public transport use (2025, İBB)9
- Religious holidays 2027
- Ramazan Bayramı 9–11 March; Kurban Bayramı 16–19 May11
Research guide
Research landscape
Istanbul is the main location for market research in Turkey: full-service agencies, qualitative specialists, B2B and healthcare firms, CATI studios, field networks and online panel providers, many of them also coordinating fieldwork in other Turkish cities and neighbouring countries. With 29.2% of Turkey’s GDP in 2024 and the highest GDP per capita of any province, the city is also the first choice for B2B, retail, financial services and media research.
Who you will interview
Istanbul is a city of migrants from the rest of Turkey: at the end of 2025, only 2,123,134 of its 15.75 million residents were registered in Istanbul itself, the rest in their family’s province of origin, led by Sivas, Kastamonu and Ordu. Movement continues in both directions: 329,912 people moved in and 371,258 left in 2025.
Turkish is the fieldwork language for almost all studies. The city also had 405,016 Syrians under temporary protection in April 2026, more than any other province: studies of this group may need an Arabic version. For Kurdish-speaking and other minority audiences, see the Turkey guide. Results for Istanbul often differ from national averages, so an Istanbul boost on a national sample is common when Istanbul findings matter.
Fieldwork in practice
Istanbul has 39 districts of very different size and profile: Esenyurt alone has 1,003,905 residents, and half the population lives in just 12 districts. Sampling by district, and by the European and Asian sides of the Bosphorus, helps control the spread of interviews. Growth is uneven: in 2025, outer districts grew much faster than the city as a whole (Tuzla +40.5 per thousand, Arnavutköy +38.7, Silivri +33.4, against +3.3 for Istanbul).
Istanbul is dense, with 2,943 people per km². In apartment buildings and gated housing complexes (sites), access often depends on a building manager or security staff. Face-to-face studies usually need permission planning, more contact attempts and more time. Travel times across the city are long: rail now carries about 4 million passengers a day and 42.9% of public transport use, so interviewer routes and central locations near rail lines save time.
Focus groups and qualitative research
In-person focus groups are usually held in dedicated facilities with a one-way mirror and video streaming. Choose the facility side of the city according to the target, since crossing the Bosphorus at peak hours can deter respondents, and allow for travel time when scheduling evening groups.
Ask the agency for its Istanbul incentive levels, recruitment lead times and how it checks that respondents have not taken part in recent groups. B2B and senior respondents often prefer online interviews; online communities and video interviews are widely used, alone or alongside in-person groups.
Timing
The religious holidays move each year with the Islamic calendar. In 2027, Ramadan starts on 8 February, Ramazan Bayramı runs from 9 to 11 March (eve on 8 March) and Kurban Bayramı from 16 to 19 May (eve on 15 May). Avoid the holiday days and the days around them, when families and business respondents are harder to reach. During Ramadan, evening groups and interview times may need adjusting. Summer holidays and school breaks are covered in the Turkey guide.
Working with an Istanbul agency
- Share a clear brief: objectives, target, sample size, districts or sides of the city, method, languages and deadline.
- For face-to-face or recruitment, ask how the agency gains access to apartment buildings and gated complexes, and how it covers fast-growing outer districts.
- For focus groups, ask for the facility address and side of the city, viewing room capacity, streaming options and incentive levels.
- Check fieldwork dates against Ramadan and the two Bayram holidays; ask how long the quote is valid and in which currency.
- Compare several proposals: you can send one request to up to 5 Istanbul companies from this page.
National rules (data protection, holidays, sampling across regions) are covered in our guide to market research in Turkey.
Frequently asked questions
How many people live in Istanbul?
15,754,053 at the end of 2025, or 18.3% of Turkey’s population, across 39 districts. The largest district, Esenyurt, has 1,003,905 residents.
How should a survey sample be spread across Istanbul?
By district, and often by the European and Asian sides of the city. Districts vary a lot in size: half the population lives in 12 of the 39 districts, and outer districts such as Tuzla, Arnavutköy and Silivri are growing fastest.
Do I need another language than Turkish for Istanbul?
Not for most studies. But Istanbul had 405,016 Syrians under temporary protection in April 2026, the highest of any province, so an Arabic version helps when this group matters. See the Turkey guide for other minority languages.
Why is face-to-face fieldwork slower in Istanbul?
Densities are high (2,943 people per km²), access to apartment buildings and gated complexes often has to be arranged, and travel times are long. Face-to-face studies need more contact attempts and time, and routes planned near rail lines.
When should fieldwork be avoided in Istanbul?
Avoid the two Bayram holidays and the days around them: in 2027, Ramazan Bayramı runs from 9 to 11 March and Kurban Bayramı from 16 to 19 May. Ramadan starts on 8 February 2027, and evening sessions may need adjusting during that month.
Sources
- TurkStat, Address Based Population Registration System results 2025 (via BirGün)
- TurkStat, Address Based Population Registration System results 2025: Istanbul districts (via Karar)
- TurkStat, Address Based Population Registration System results 2025: density by province (via CNBC-e)
- TurkStat, Istanbul residents by province of registration, 2025 (via Habertürk)
- TurkStat, Internal Migration Statistics 2025 (via Habertürk, 14 July 2026)
- Presidency of Migration Management data, Syrians under temporary protection by province, 2 April 2026 (via Anadolu Agency / İstiklal)
- TurkStat, Address Based Population Registration System results 2025: district growth (via NTV / İHA, 10 February 2026)
- TurkStat, Gross domestic product by province 2024 (via Alomaliye, 11 December 2025)
- Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (İBB), rail system figures 2025 (via Karar, 21 November 2025)
- Diyanet 2027 calendar, first day of Ramadan and Ramazan Bayramı (via Milli Gazete)
- CNN Türk, 2027 public holidays: Ramazan and Kurban Bayramı dates
Last updated: October 2026
