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Country guide
Conducting market research in Ghana
A mobile-first market of 30.8 million people at the 2021 census, 56.7% of them in towns and cities, spread over 16 regions with clear North–South differences: what to know before planning fieldwork in Ghana.
Key figures for researchers
- Population
- 30.8 million (2021 census); 34.4 million projected for 20261
- Regions
- 16 administrative regions2
- Largest regions
- Greater Accra 6.3 million, Ashanti 5.8 million (2026 projection)1
- Urban population
- 56.7% (2021 census), up from 50.9% in 20103
- Literacy
- 69.8% of people aged 6+ can read and write in a language (2021 census)4
- Internet use
- 25.2% of people aged 15+ had not used the internet in the past 3 months (2021 census)5
- Mobile phone ownership
- 13.4% of people aged 15+ did not own a mobile phone (2021 census)5
- Mobile voice subscriptions
- 42.9 million, 127% penetration (Dec. 2025)6
- Mobile data subscriptions
- 28.7 million, 85% penetration (Dec. 2025)7
Research guide
Research landscape
Most market research agencies are based in Accra, the capital and commercial centre, in the Greater Accra region, which is projected at 6.3 million people in 2026. Kumasi, in the Ashanti region (5.8 million), is the second hub. Local independent agencies work alongside offices of international research networks, and many also run fieldwork in neighbouring West African countries.
Languages and fieldwork
English is the official language, used in government, formal education and much of the media, and it works for B2B and many urban interviews. Akan languages (Asante Twi, Akuapem Twi, Fante) are the most widely spoken, and other important languages include Ewe, Ga, Dangme, Dagbani, Dagaare and Gonja. General public questionnaires are usually translated into Twi and the main language of each region surveyed, with interviewers matched to the area.
Ghana has 16 regions, the usual basis for regional quotas. 56.7% of the population lives in urban areas, and Greater Accra and Ashanti together account for 47.8% of the increase in the urban population since 2010. The largest ethnic groups include the Akan, Mole-Dagbani, Ewe and Ga-Dangme: a national sample needs the northern regions, where Tamale is the main city, as well as the South. Kumasi Metropolitan and Tamale Metropolitan are among the most populous districts.
Which methods work
Ghana is mobile-first: there are 42.9 million mobile voice subscriptions (127% penetration) and 28.7 million mobile data subscriptions (85%). At the 2021 census, only 13.4% of people aged 15 and over did not own a mobile phone, so telephone interviews (CATI) reach most adults, including outside the cities.
Online samples remain partial: 25.2% of people aged 15 and over had not used the internet in the three months before the 2021 census, and women were less likely to use it than men.Literacy is 69.8% for people aged six and over (80.6% in urban areas, 55.2% in rural areas), so face-to-face interviews (CAPI) remain the reference for the rural and less literate population. Focus groups are usually held in Accra and Kumasi, and in Tamale or Takoradi for regional studies.
Timing
According to the Ghana Meteorological Agency, the South has two rainy seasons: the major season, with March to June as the main rainfall period (rains usually end in July or August), and the minor season from September to November. The North has a single rainy season, from May to October. Heavy rain can slow rural face-to-face fieldwork: allow extra time.
Ramadan is expected to start around 8 February 2027, with Eid al-Fitr around 9 March and Eid al-Adha around 16 May 2027 (dates depend on the moon). Eid al-Fitr, the day after it (Shaqq Day) and Eid al-Adha are public holidays, with dates announced by the Office of the Chief Imam. Late December, with Christmas (25 December) and Boxing Day, is a slow period; Farmers’ Day (4 December in 2026) is also a public holiday.
Data protection
Personal data is governed by the Data Protection Act, 2012 (Act 843) and supervised by the Data Protection Commission (DPC). A data controller who intends to process personal data must register with the DPC; a controller not incorporated in Ghana must register as an external company. Registration certificates are valid for two years and must then be renewed.
The Act protects “special personal data”, such as race or ethnic origin, political opinions, religious beliefs and health. In October 2026 the DPC reported 2,575 data controllers registered in the year and announced stronger enforcement, including spot checks and verification of registration status. Ask your agency whether it is registered with the DPC, how respondents are informed and how data will be transferred to you.
Working with a local agency
- Share a clear brief: objectives, target, sample size, regions, urban/rural split, method, languages and deadline.
- Ask who does the fieldwork: own interviewers or subcontractors, in which regions, and which local languages they cover.
- Ask how languages are handled: translation into Twi and other languages, back-translation and pilot interviews.
- Ask about quality control: back-checks, GPS or audio checks for face-to-face interviews, supervision of CATI calls.
- Check that the agency is registered with the Data Protection Commission and that its registration is current.
- Compare several proposals: you can send one request to up to 5 companies from this page.
Frequently asked questions
In which languages should a questionnaire be written for Ghana?
English is the official language and is common for B2B and urban interviews. For the general public, questionnaires are usually also translated into Twi and the main language of each region surveyed, such as Ewe, Ga or Dagbani.
Is an online or mobile survey representative of the Ghanaian population?
Not on its own. At the 2021 census, 25.2% of people aged 15 and over had not used the internet in the previous three months. Phone ownership is wider (only 13.4% of adults aged 15+ had no mobile phone), which makes CATI a common choice, but face-to-face interviews are still needed for rural and less literate people.
Does a survey agency need to register with the Data Protection Commission?
Under the Data Protection Act, 2012 (Act 843), a data controller who intends to process personal data must register with the Data Protection Commission, and a controller not incorporated in Ghana must register as an external company. Registration is valid for two years.
When should fieldwork be avoided in Ghana?
Plan around Ramadan (expected from around 8 February 2027), Eid al-Fitr (around 9 March 2027), Eid al-Adha (around 16 May 2027) and the Christmas period. Rural fieldwork can also be slower during the rainy seasons: mainly March to June and September to November in the South, May to October in the North.
Which regions should a national sample cover?
A national sample is usually stratified by Ghana’s 16 regions and by urban and rural areas (56.7% of the population is urban). Greater Accra (6.3 million) and Ashanti (5.8 million) are the largest regions in the 2026 projections, but the northern regions are needed for a representative picture.
Can a foreign company run a survey in Ghana?
Yes. Foreign companies usually work with a local agency that handles fieldwork, translation and recruitment. A data controller not incorporated in Ghana that processes personal data must register with the Data Protection Commission as an external company.
Sources
- Ghana Statistical Service, Projected population by region 2021–2050
- Ghana Statistical Service, 2021 PHC provisional results press release (via 3News)
- Ghana Statistical Service, 2021 PHC urbanisation results (via Ghana News Agency)
- Ghana Statistical Service, 2021 PHC literacy results (via Graphic Online)
- Ghana Statistical Service, 2021 PHC ICT results (via Citi Newsroom)
- National Communications Authority, Voice subscription December 2025
- National Communications Authority, Data subscription December 2025
- Languages of Ghana (Modern Ghana)
- Ghana Meteorological Agency, Forecast for the major rainy season 2026
- Ghana Meteorological Agency, Seasonal forecast SON 2026 (minor season)
- Ghana Meteorological Agency, 2026 forecast for Northern Ghana
- Ministry of the Interior, Statutory public holidays 2026
- Astronomy Centre, expected dates of Ramadan and Eid 2027 (via Khaleej Times)
- DLA Piper, Data Protection Laws of the World: Ghana
- Data Protection Commission enforcement update, October 2026 (Ghana News Agency)
Last updated: October 2026
